Class
Subclass
Order
Family
Classification
Subordinate Taxa
Nomenclature
Scientific Name:
Anogramma Link, Fil. Spec. 137 (1841)
Type Taxon:
Etymology:
Description
Terrestrial ferns; sporophytes annual, growing from a perennial and tuberous prothallus. Rhizomes erect, rudimentary, bearing multicellular hairs. Fertile and sterile fronds dimorphic. Stipes pale brown to red-brown, glossy. Sterile laminae irregularly flabellate. Fertile laminae 1–3-pinnate, herbaceous, glabrous. Pinnae and ultimate lamina segments not articulated to rachis and costae. Veins free. Sori extending along the veins, exindusiate; paraphyses absent. Spores trilete, lacking chlorophyll; perispores verrucate to tuberculate with prominent ridges parallel to the equatorial flange.
Taxonomy
A genus of two to five species included in subfamily Pteridoideae, along with Pteris (Nakazato & Gastony 2003; Zhang et al. 2015; PPG 1 2016).
Anogramma, as traditionally interpreted, has been shown to be polyphyletic (Nakazato & Gastony 2003), with one species more closely related to Jamesonia, others to Pityrogramma, and two previously recognised species nested within Anogramma leptophylla. Indeed, only the widespread A. leptophylla and the South American A. lorentzii remain within the Anogramma clade, along with the European Cosentinia vellea, which can be treated as a monotypic genus or included within Anogramma.
Recognition
In New Zealand, Anogramma can be recognised by its small, delicate fronds with exindusiate sori extending along the veins. It also has distinctive trilete spores with double or triple, broad equatorial ridges, and verrucate to tuberculate faces (Large & Braggins 1991).
Distribution
Anogramma leptophylla is subcosmopolitan, occurring in Central and South America, southern Europe, Africa, India, southern Asia, and Australasia. A. lorentzii is restricted to South America. Other species previously included in Anogramma either belong elsewhere or are synonymous with A. leptophylla (Nakazato & Gastony 2003). One indigenous species in New Zealand.
Biostatus
Indigenous (Non-endemic)
| Category | Number |
|---|---|
| Indigenous (Non-endemic) | 1 |
| Total | 1 |
Cytology
Base chromosome numbers of x = 26, 27 or 29 have been recorded in Anogramma (Lovis et al. 1993).
Bibliography
Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R. 2021: Pteridaceae. In: Breitwieser, I. (ed.) Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 30. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
Kramer, K.U.; Green, P.S. 1990: Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Large, M.F.; Braggins, J.E. 1991: Spore atlas of New Zealand ferns and fern allies. SIR Publishing, Wellington.
Link, J.H.F. 1841: Filicum species in horto regio botanico Berolinensi cultae. Veit, Berlin.
Lovis, J.D.; Rasbach, H.; Reichstein, T. 1993: The chromosome number of Anogramma leptophylla (Adiantaceae: Pteridophyta) from New Zealand and South Africa. Fern Gazette 14: 149–154.
Nakazato, T.; Gastony, G.J. 2003: Molecular phylogenetics of Anogramma species and related genera (Pteridaceae: Taenitidoideae). Systematic Botany 28: 490–502.
PPG 1 2016: A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563–603.
Zhang, L.; Rothfels, C.J.; Ebihara, A.; Schuettpelz, E.; Le Péchon, T.; Kamau, P.; He, H.; Zhou, X-M.; Prado, J.; Field, A.; Yatskievych, G.; Gao, X-F., Zhang, L.B. 2015: A global plastid phylogeny of the brake fern genus Pteris (Pteridaceae) and related genera in the Pteridoideae. Cladistics 31: 406–423.
