Habitat: alpine, bank, clay, cliff, coast, forest, gravel, gully, hill, lake margin, log, lowland, margin, moist, montane, open, peat, riparian, roadside, rock outcrop, sand, shaded, sheltered, silt, slope, stone

Dispersal: Vegetative

Distribution from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. CC-BY 3.0 AU
Distribution from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. CC-BY 3.0 AU
 Recognition
  • a long-lived underwater plant with stems (up to 6 m long) that are usually anchored to the soil.
  • its oblong or elongated leaves (5-20 mm long and 1-5 mm wide) are usually found in groups of three at each stem joint.
  • these leaves are stalkless with minutely toothed margins.
  • its small white flowers are borne just above the water surface on underwater 'stalks' up to 30 cm long.
  • these flowers have three slender petals (up to 5 mm long).

[From: Environmental Weeds of Australia]

 Images
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Trevor James © Trevor James
Image: Murray Dawson © Landcare Research / Murray Dawson
Image: Murray Dawson © Landcare Research / Murray Dawson
Image: Murray Dawson © Landcare Research / Murray Dawson
Image: Murray Dawson © Landcare Research / Murray Dawson
Weeds Key – interactive key to the weed species of New Zealand
 References
Biosecurity New Zealand 2012: Regional Pest Management Strategies Database. http://www.biosecurityperformance.maf.govt.nz/
Howell, C. 2008: Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292: 42.