Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach

Large tree to c. 30 m high; trunk grey, smooth, except for slightly fissured bark near base. Shoots brown, short, hairy, grooved. Buds ovoid, not resinous; bud scales slightly keeled, appressed. Foliage ± pectinate and at right angles to shoot on older and lower parts of shoot, dense and sloping forwards to cover upper side towards shoot apex. Lvs 1.5–3.5–(4.5) cm long (often smaller on coning shoots), glossy dark green above; stomatal bands white below; resin ducts mostly marginal, ± median on ♀ coning shoots; apex emarginate. ♂ strobili crimson, < 1 cm long. Mature cones on upper branches, 12–18 cm long, broad-cylindric, brown; ovuliferous scales very broad, rounded; bracts exserted, the cuspidate tip 3–4 mm long and pointing upwards. Seed wing c. 1.5 cm long, truncate at apex.

[From: Webb et al. (1988) Flora of New Zealand. Volume 4.]