Class
Subclass
Order
Family
Classification
Subordinate Taxa
Nomenclature
Scientific Name:
Deparia Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 2, t. 154 (1829)
Synonymy:
- = Lunathyrium Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 30 (1932)
- = Athyriopsis Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 63 (1964)
Type Taxon:
Deparia macraei Hook. & Grev.
Etymology:
Description
Terrestrial ferns. Rhizomes creeping (NZ) or erect (not NZ), scaly. Rhizome scales non-clathrate, narrowly ovate or ovate. Stipes adaxially grooved, scaly and hairy. Laminae 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 1‑pinnate-bipinnatifid (NZ) or entire to 3-pinnate (not NZ), herbaceous, scaly and hairy, groove of rachis U-shaped and not continuous with grooves of pinna midribs. Veins free. Sori elongated along veins and either single or paired on a vein (NZ) or rarely round or bent across the vein at one end (not NZ), indusia same shape as the sori, opening away from the vein, margins toothed or laciniate. Spores monolete, perispores echinate.
Taxonomy
A genus of c. 70 species (PPG 1 2016). Deparia and allied genera in Japan were more clearly defined by Kato (1977), and subsequently Deparia was revised in the Pacific region (Kato 1984). Several genera that had been recognised earlier were reduced to sections within Deparia, including Lunathyrium and Athyriopsis.
Allan (1961) had earlier misidentified the sole New Zealand species as Athyrium japonicum (Thunb.) Copel. which, as Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M.Kato, is now known to be confined to the Himalayas, China, Korea, and Japan (Kato 1984).
Kuo et al. (2016, 2018) investigated over 80% of the species in Deparia using both morphological characters and analysis of four chloroplast DNA regions. They identified seven major clades that could be characterised morphologically. New Zealand plants of D. petersenii fell within the AT clade, roughly approximating to the previously recognised genus Athyriopsis. The lineage is characterised by creeping rhizomes, toothed indusial margins, and usually by auricled basal pinnae (although not in D. petersenii).
Recognition
In New Zealand, Deparia can be recognised by the 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 1-pinnate-bipinnatifid fronds bearing both hairs and scales, the presence of a U-shaped groove on the adaxial surface of the rachis that is not continuous with the grooves of the pinna costae, sori that are linear and arranged singly or paired back-to-back, and echinate spores (Large & Braggins 1991).
Distribution
Distributed in tropical and warm-temperate parts of the Old World from tropical Africa through Asia, Australasia, and the Pacific Islands to Hawai‘i and North America (Kato 1984), with the greatest diversity in Asia; four species native to Africa and Madagascar (Roux 2009), 53 species in China (Wang et al. 2013), one in Australia (Jones 1998), about five in the south Pacific (Kato 1984), four indigenous to Hawai‘i (Palmer 2003), and one in North America (Smith 1993). One species in New Zealand of uncertain biostatus.
Biostatus
Indigenous (Non-endemic)
| Category | Number |
|---|---|
| Indigenous (Non-endemic) | 1 |
| Total | 1 |
Cytology
The base chromosome number in Deparia is x = 40 or rarely 41 (Kramer 1990).
Bibliography
Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R. 2018: Athyriaceae. In: Breitwieser, I.; Wilton, A.D. (ed.) Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 24. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
Ching, R. 1964: On some confused genera of the family Athyriaceae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 9: 41–84.
Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Zhang, X.-C.; Schneider, H. 2011: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa 19: 7–54.
Hooker, W.J.; Greville, R.K. 1829–1832: Icones Filicum. Vol. 2. Treuttel & Würtz, London.
Jones, D.L. 1998: Athyriaceae. In: Flora of Australia. Vol. 48. 418–429.
Kato, M. 1977: Classification of Athyrium and allied genera of Japan. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 90: 23–40.
Kato, M. 1984: A taxonomic study of the Athyrioid fern genus Deparia with main reference to the Pacific species. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section III. Botany 13: 375–429.
Koidzumi, G.-I. 1932: Contributiones ad Cognitionem Floraee Asiae Orientalis. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 1: 11–33.
Kramer, K.U. 1990: Dryopteridaceae. In: Kramer, K.U.; Green, P.S. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. 1. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Kramer, K.U.; Green, P.S. 1990: Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Kuo, L.-Y.; Ebihara, A.; Kato, M.; Rouhan, G.; Ranker, T.A.; Wang, C.-N.; Chiou, W.-L. 2018: Morphological characterisation of infra-generic lineages in Deparia (Athyriaceae: Polypodiales). Cladistics 34: 78–92.
Kuo, L.-Y.; Ebihara, A.; Shinohara, W.; Rouhan, G.; Wood, K.R.; Wang, C.-N.; Chiou, W.-L. 2016: Historical biogeography of the fern genus Deparia (Athyriaceae) and its relation with polyploidy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 104: 123–134.
Large, M.F.; Braggins, J.E. 1991: Spore atlas of New Zealand ferns and fern allies. SIR Publishing, Wellington.
Palmer, D.D. 2003: Hawai‘i’s ferns and fern allies. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu.
PPG 1 2016: A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563–603.
Roux, J.P. 2009: Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23: 1–296.
Smith, A.R. 1993: Dryopteridaceae. In: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Vol. 2. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York.
Wang, Z.; He, Z.; Kato, M. 2013: Athyriaceae. In: Zhengyi, W.; Raven, P.H.; Deyuan, H. (ed.) Flora of China. Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Vol. 2–3. Science Press, Beijing.
