Classification
 Nomenclature
Scientific Name:
Carmichaelia australis R.Br. in Ker Gawler, Bot. Reg. 11, t. 912 (1825)
Synonymy:
  • = Carmichaelia cunninghamii Raoul, Choix Pl. Nouv.-Zél. 29, t. 28B (1846)
  • = Carmichaelia flagelliformis Benth. in Hooker, Bot. Antarct. Voy. II. (Fl. Nov.-Zel.) Part I, 51 (1852)
  • = Carmichaelia stricta C.B.Lehm., Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 8: 372 (1852)
  • = Carmichaelia corymbosa Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 21: 80 (1888 [1889])
  • Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. corymbosa (Colenso) Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 114 (1899)
  • = Carmichaelia multicaulis Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 25: 329 (1892 [1893]) – as Carmichælia multicaule
  • = Carmichaelia micrantha Colenso, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 26: 313 (1893 [1894])
  • = Carmichaelia acuminata Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 114 (1899)
  • Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. acuminata (Kirk) Cheeseman, Man. New Zealand Fl. 117 (1906)
  • = Carmichaelia australis var. alata Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 110 (1899)
  • = Carmichaelia hookeri Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 115 (1899) – as C. Hookeri
  • Carmichaelia flagelliformis var. hookerii (Kirk) Cheeseman, Man. New Zealand Fl. 117 (1906)
  • = Carmichaelia robusta Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 111 (1899)
  • Carmichaelia petriei var. robusta (Kirk) Cheeseman, Man. New Zealand Fl. 113 (1906)
  • = Carmichaelia australis var. strictissima Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 110 (1899)
  • = Carmichaelia subulata Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 112 (1899)
  • = Carmichaelia violacea Kirk, Stud. Fl. New Zealand 112 (1899)
  • = Carmichaelia paludosa Cockayne, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 47: 113 (1914 [1915])
  • = Carmichaelia australis var. egmontiana Cockayne & Allan, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 56: 21 (1926)
  • Carmichaelia egmontiana (Cockayne & Allan) G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 255 (1945)
  • = Carmichaelia aligera G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 250 (1945)
  • = Carmichaelia arenaria G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 252 (1945)
  • = Carmichaelia ovata G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 260 (1945)
  • = Carmichaelia rivulata G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 264 (1945)
  • = Carmichaelia silvatica G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 251 (1945)
  • = Carmichaelia solandri G.Simpson, Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 75: 253 (1945)
Vernacular Name(s):
mākaka; Maukoro; North Island broom; Tainoka; Tawao
 Description

Shrub, 2-3(-8) × 2-3(- 5) m. Branches up to 100 mm diameter, ascending and spreading. Cladodes 30—200 × 1.5—8 mm, ascending or spreading, linear, striate, weakly planoconvex to strongly flattened and compressed, green, yellow-green, or brown-green, glabrous to sparsely hairy, apex obtuse to subacute; leaf nodes 4—15. Leaves 1—3-foliolate, present on seedlings and rarely on adults, terminal leaflet larger; lamina 3—12(—22) × 1.3—7(—16) mm, obovate to oblong, fleshy, green, sometimes with dark mottling, adaxiai and abaxial surfaces glabrous to moderately hairy, apex emarginate, base cuneate; petiole 1-10 mm long, glabrous to moderately hairy, green; petiolule < 0.25 mm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy, light green. Leaves on cladodes reduced to scales, < 0.5 mm long, broad-triangular, glabrous, apex subacute, margin hairy. Stipules c. 1 × c. 1.5 mm, free, broad-triangular, adaxiai surface glabrous, abaxial surface glabrous or with few scattered hairs and becoming glabrous with age, apex subacute, margin hairy. Inflorescence a raceme, 1-3 per node, each with 4-15 flowers. Peduncle 1-10 mm long, glabrous to moderately hairy, green, occasionally flushed red. Bracts < c. 0.5 mm long, triangular, glabrous, apex acute, margin hairy. Pedicel 2—4 mm long, glabrous to sparsely hairy, pale green. Bracteoles on upper part of pedicel or lower part of receptacle, lanceolate, glabrous, green and often flushed red, apex subacute, margin hairy. Calyx 1.3- 1.7 × 1.7—2.2 mm, campanulate, green, outer surface glabrous to moderately hairy. Calyx lobes 0.2— 0.4 mm long, triangular, inner surface glabrous, appressed to corolla or rarely weakly spreading, apex acute. Standard 4—6 × 5—6.5 mm, obovate, patent, positioned in central part of keel, keeled, apex retuse; inner surface white, sometimes with a purple blotch, purple-veined; outer surface white, green at base, purple-veined; claw c. 1 mm long, pale green. Wings 4—5 × 1.7—2.2 mm, oblong, longer than keel, apex obtuse; inner and outer surfaces white, purpleveined; auricle rounded, white; claw c. 1.5 mm long, pale green. Keel (Fig. 2B) 3.2-4.2 × c. 1.5 mm, apex obtuse; distal part of inner and outer surfaces purple, proximal part white; auricle < 0.5 mm long, rounded, pale green; claw c. 1.5 mm long, pale green. Stamens 3—4 mm long; dorsal filaments connate for c. ¾ of length, outer stamens free for c. 0.5 mm. Pistil c. 4 mm long, exserted beyond the stamens, glabrous; ovules 5-10. Pods 6.5-15 × 2— 5.5 mm, oblong, broad-oblong, elliptic, broad-elliptic, or sometimes orbicular, laterally compressed, erect or spreading, brown, grey, or black, valves dehiscent; beak 0.5—2.5 mm long, in a central apical position, stout, pungent-tipped. Seeds 2.2-4 × 1.7-2.8 mm, oblong to reniform, 1-5 per pod, orange, red, green, or yellow-green and often with black mottling, usually persistent on replum. FL Oct-Feb, FT Nov-May.

[Reproduced from Heenan (1996, New Zealand J. Bot. 34: 157-177) with permission from The Royal Society of New Zealand.]

 Biostatus
Indigenous (Endemic)
 Bibliography
Cheeseman, T.F. 1906: Manual of the New Zealand Flora. Government Printer, Wellington.
Cockayne, L. 1915: Some New Species of New Zealand Flowering-plants. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 111–118.
Cockayne, L.; Allan, H.H. 1926: Notes on New Zealand floristic botany, including descriptions of new species, & c. (No. 4). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 56: 21–33.
Colenso, W. 1889: A description of some newly-discovered Phænogamic plants; being a further contribution towards the making known the botany of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 21: 80–108.
Colenso, W. 1893: Phænogams: A description of some newly-discovered Indigenous plants; being a further contribution towards the making known the botany of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 25: 324–338.
Colenso, W. 1894: Phænogams: A description of some newly-discovered Indigenous plants; being a further contribution towards the making known the botany of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 26: 313–320.
de Lange, P.J.; Rolfe, J.R.; Barkla J.W.; Courtney, S.P.; Champion, P.D.; Perrie, L.R.; Beadel, S.N.; Ford, K.A.; Breitwieser, I.; Schönberger, I.; Hindmarsh-Walls, R.; Heenan, P.B.; Ladley, K. 2018: Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017. New Zealand Threat Classification Series. No. 22. [Not Threatened]
de Lange, P.J.; Rolfe, J.R.; Champion, P.D.; Courtney, S.P.; Heenan, P.B.; Barkla, J.W.; Cameron, E.K.; Norton, D.A.; Hitchmough, R.A. 2013: Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2012. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 3. Department of Conservation, Wellington. [Not Threatened]
Heenan, P.B. 1995: Typification of names in Carmichaelia, Chordospartium, Corallospartium, and Notospartium (Fabaceae - Galegeae) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 439–454.
Heenan, P.B. 1996: A taxonomic revision of Carmichaelia (Fabaceae-Galegeae) in New Zealand. Part 2. New Zealand Journal of Botany 34(2): 157–177.
Hooker, J.D. 1852–1853 ("1853"): The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839–1843, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. II. Flora Novae-Zelandiae. Part I. Flowering plants. Lovell Reeve, London.
Ker Gawler, J.B. 1825–1826: Botanical Register; consisting of coloured figures of exotic plants cultivated in British gardens; with their history and mode of treatment. Vol. 11. Ridgway, London.
Kirk, T. 1884 ("1883"): Notes on Carmichælia, with Descriptions of new Species. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 16: 378–382.
Kirk, T. 1897 ("1896"): On Carmichaelia, Corallospartium, Huttonella and Notospartium. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 29: 501–509. [as Carmichaelia acuminata Kirk; Carmichaelia hookeri Kirk; Carmichaelia robusta Kirk; Carmichaelia subulata Kirk; Carmichaelia violacea Kirk]
Kirk,T. 1899: The Students' Flora of New Zealand and the Outlying Islands. Government Printer, Wellington, N.Z.
Lehmann, C. B. 1852: Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung. Eine Zeitschrift für Garten- un Blumenfreunde, für Kunst- und Handelsgartner 8
Raoul, E. 1846: Choix de plantes de la Nouvelle-Zélande: recueillies et décrites. Fortin Masson, Paris.
Rawlings, G.B. 1972: Northland Notes 2. New Zealand Journal of Botany 10(4): 705–706. [as Carmichaelia silvatica G.Simpson]
Simpson, G. 1945: A Revision of the Genus Carmichaelia (Cockayne Memorial Paper No. 1). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 75: 231–287.