Pyrrhobryum mnioides (Hook.) Manuel

South American populations of P. mnioides have longer (3.8–7.2 mm) and broader (0.7–1.0 mm) leaves than Australasian populations. There is also a strong tendency for leaves in South American material to be less concave and less crisped when dry, for the leaves on the lower stems to be reduced, and for the stems to be less densely covered with rhizoids. The differences in leaf dimensions are the most consistent differences; collectively, the differences result in a quite marked difference in habit between South American and Australasian populations. A small fraction of South American specimens have dry leaves contorted in a manner suggestive of Australasian specimens, but in all such material the leaf dimensions are consistently larger. Perichaetia in both South American and Australasian material are borne in vegetative leaf axils. The morphologic differences and isolation of the two entities dictate the recognition of the Australasian material at the subspecific rank. The interpretation of South American and Australasian populations as distinct subspecies is broadly supported by molecular studies published by McDaniel & Shaw (2003).